獨(dú)立宣言英語怎么說？《美國(guó)獨(dú)立宣言》(英語:United States Declaration of Independence),為北美洲十三個(gè)英屬殖民地宣告自大不列顛王國(guó)獨(dú)立,并宣明此舉正當(dāng)性之文告。1776年7月4日,本宣言由第二次大陸會(huì)議于費(fèi)城批準(zhǔn),當(dāng)日之后成為美國(guó)獨(dú)立紀(jì)念日。那么，獨(dú)立宣言英語怎么說？一起來了解一下吧。
《美國(guó)獨(dú)立宣言》（英語：United States Declaration of Independence），為北美洲十三個(gè)英屬殖民地宣告自大不列顛王國(guó)獨(dú)立，并宣明此舉正當(dāng)性之文告。1776年7月4日，本宣言由第二次大陸會(huì)議于費(fèi)城批準(zhǔn)，當(dāng)日之后成為美國(guó)獨(dú)立紀(jì)念日。宣言之原件由大陸會(huì)議出席代表共同簽署，并永久展示于美國(guó)華盛頓特區(qū)之美國(guó)國(guó)家檔案館（National Archives and Records Administration）。此宣言為美國(guó)最重要的立國(guó)文書之一。
宣言本文之注解
獨(dú)立宣言之本文可分為五個(gè)章節(jié)：序文、前言、控訴英王喬治三世、譴責(zé)英人以及總結(jié)。（但獨(dú)立宣言本文中并沒有這五個(gè)章節(jié)的標(biāo)題。）
序文
1776年7月4日，于國(guó)會(huì)內(nèi)
美洲十三合眾州全體一致宣告
此時(shí)此刻，于人事發(fā)展進(jìn)程中，斯屬必要者，業(yè)為解消一群人民與他群間之政治捆縛，并視其地位—基于自然法與造物主之賜—于塵世諸政權(quán)間為互不隸屬且相互平等，適切尊重人類宣告獨(dú)立的目標(biāo)理想之需求。
前言
我等之見解為，下述真理不證自明：凡人生而平等，秉造物者之賜，擁諸無可轉(zhuǎn)讓之權(quán)利，包含生命權(quán)、自由權(quán)、與追尋幸福之權(quán)（原意為：擁有私人資產(chǎn)之權(quán)）。
美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，（英語：AmericanRevolutionary War，1775年—1783年），或稱美國(guó)革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，是大英帝國(guó)強(qiáng)國(guó)之間的一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)主要是始于為了對(duì)抗英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，但后來卻因?yàn)榉▏?guó)之外。
由于英國(guó)對(duì)殖民地》，宣告了美國(guó)的誕生。
在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，英國(guó)的建立做準(zhǔn)備。
名稱
美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
地點(diǎn)
北美洲、十三殖民地（英）
時(shí)間
1775年–1783年
參戰(zhàn)方
美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)（未承認(rèn)）、法國(guó)、西班牙，英國(guó)
結(jié)果
簽訂《巴黎和約
參戰(zhàn)方兵力
美軍：35,000人參加大陸軍；340,000人參加過民兵
56,000名英軍士兵 78艘皇家海軍艦船
傷亡情況
美軍：近50,000人傷亡
英軍：近20,000人傷亡
主要指揮官
喬治·華盛頓
性質(zhì)
革命、民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)
開始標(biāo)志
1775年4月萊克星頓槍聲
導(dǎo)火線
1773年波士頓傾茶事件
原因
英國(guó)殖民統(tǒng)治阻礙了北美經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
北方資產(chǎn)者和南方的種植園主
結(jié)果
1783年英國(guó)承認(rèn)美國(guó)獨(dú)立
重點(diǎn)城市
波士頓、紐約、約克鎮(zhèn)、費(fèi)城
《美國(guó)獨(dú)立宣言》，為北美洲十三個(gè)英屬殖民地宣告自大不列顛王國(guó)獨(dú)立，并宣明此舉正當(dāng)性之文告。1776年7月4日，本宣言由第二次大陸會(huì)議於費(fèi)城批準(zhǔn)，當(dāng)日之後成為美國(guó)獨(dú)立紀(jì)念日。宣言之原件由大陸會(huì)議出席代表共同簽署，并永久展示於美國(guó)華盛頓特區(qū)之美國(guó)國(guó)家檔案館。
《獨(dú)立宣言》的民主思想，主要體現(xiàn)在平等、天賦人權(quán)、主權(quán)在民和人民革命權(quán)利這四個(gè)方面。
第一，平等與天賦人權(quán)（natural
rights）思想?！疤熨x人權(quán)”又譯為“自然權(quán)利”，其基本精神是強(qiáng)調(diào)人具有與生俱來的權(quán)利，這些權(quán)利絕不應(yīng)該被剝奪。《獨(dú)立宣言》繼承并發(fā)展了洛克的天賦人權(quán)學(xué)說，認(rèn)為人人生而平等，這些權(quán)利是大自然所賦予的，不可剝奪，這些權(quán)利包括“生命、自由和追求幸福的權(quán)利?！?/p>
第二，主權(quán)在民（popular
sovereignty）學(xué)說?！爸鳈?quán)在民”又譯為“人民主權(quán)”或“一切權(quán)力屬于人民”，是“天賦人權(quán)”在理論上的延伸，其理論要點(diǎn)是：政府合法性的基礎(chǔ)來自廣大人民的同意，任何一種形式的政府如果變成損害人民利益以保障自己權(quán)利的政府，人民就有權(quán)改變或廢除它，建立新的政府?！丢?dú)立宣言》提出，人民是主權(quán)者，政府的一切權(quán)力來自人民，政府應(yīng)服從人民意志，為人民幸福和保障人民權(quán)利而存在。
第三，人民革命權(quán)利的理論?！丢?dú)立宣言》以天賦人權(quán)和主權(quán)在民理論為基礎(chǔ)，指出：既然政府的權(quán)力來自人民，目的是保障人民的自然權(quán)利，如果一旦政府不履行職責(zé)，侵犯人民的權(quán)利，人民就有權(quán)起來革命來改變或推翻它。
獨(dú)立宣言 一七七六年七月四日
大陸會(huì)議 美利堅(jiān)十三個(gè)聯(lián)合邦一致通過的宣言
在有關(guān)人類事務(wù)的發(fā)展過程中，當(dāng)一個(gè)民族必須解除其和另一個(gè)民族之間的政治聯(lián)系，并在世界各國(guó)之間依照自然法則和自然神明 ，取得獨(dú)立和平等的地位時(shí)，出於對(duì)人類公意的尊重，必須宣布他們不得不獨(dú)立的原因。
我們認(rèn)為下面這些真理是不言而喻的：造物者創(chuàng)造了平等的個(gè)人，并賦予他們?nèi)舾刹豢蓜儕Z的權(quán)利，其中包括生命權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福的權(quán)利。為了保障這些權(quán)利，人們才在他們之間建立政府，而政府之正當(dāng)權(quán)力，則來自被統(tǒng)治者的同意。任何形式的政府，只要破壞上述目的，人民就有權(quán)利改變或廢除它，并建立新政府；新政府賴以奠基的原則，得以組織權(quán)力的方式，都要最大可能地增進(jìn)民眾的安全和幸福。的確，從慎重考慮，不應(yīng)當(dāng)由於輕微和短暫的原因而改變成立多年的政府。過去的一切經(jīng)驗(yàn)也都說明，任何苦難，只要尚能忍受，人類都寧愿容忍，而無意廢除他們久已習(xí)慣了的政府來恢復(fù)自身的權(quán)益。但是，當(dāng)政府一貫濫用職權(quán)、強(qiáng)取豪奪，一成不變地追逐這一目標(biāo)，足以證明它旨在把人民置於絕對(duì)專制統(tǒng)治之下時(shí)，那麼，人民就有權(quán)利，也有義務(wù)推翻這個(gè)政府，并為他們未來的安全建立新的保障－－這就是這些殖民地過去逆來順受的情況，也是它們現(xiàn)在不得不改變以前政府制度的原因。
英文原文
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
In Congress, July 4, 1776,
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.
That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.
That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to the m shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Des potism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands .
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our People, and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into t hese Colonies:
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our Governments:
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the Lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the H ead of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have We been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and sett lement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf t o the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Bri tain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. An d for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
JOHN HANCOCK, President
Attested, CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary
New Hampshire: JOSIAH BARTLETT, WILLIAM WHIPPLE, MATTHEW THORNTON
Massachusetts-Bay: SAMUEL ADAMS, JOHN ADAMS, ROBERT TREAT PAINE, ELBRIDGE GERRY
Rhode Island: STEPHEN HOPKINS, WILLIAM ELLERY
Connecticut: ROGER SHERMAN, SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, OLIVER WOLCOTT
Georgia: BUTTON GWINNETT, LYMAN HALL, GEO. WALTON
Maryland: SAMUEL CHASE, WILLIAM PACA, THOMAS STONE, CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON
Virginia: GEORGE WYTHE, RICHARD HENRY LEE, THOMAS JEFFERSON, BENJAMIN HARRISON, THOMAS NELSON, JR., FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE, CARTER BRAXTON.
New York: WILLIAM FLOYD, PHILIP LIVINGSTON, FRANCIS LEWIS, LEWIS MORRIS
Pennsylvania: ROBERT MORRIS, BENJAMIN RUSH, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, JOHN MORTON, GEORGE CLYMER, JAMES SMITH, GEORGE TAYLOR, JAMES WILSON, GEORGE ROSS
Delaware: CAESAR RODNEY, GEORGE READ, THOMAS M'KEAN
North Carolina: WILLIAM HOOPER, JOSEPH HEWES, JOHN PENN
South Carolina: EDWARD RUTLEDGE, THOMAS HEYWARD, JR., THOMAS LYNCH, JR., ARTHUR MIDDLETON
New Jersey: RICHARD STOCKTON, JOHN WITHERSPOON, FRANCIS HOPKINS, JOHN HART, ABRAHAM CLARK
Pennsylvania: Robert Morris， Benjamin Rush， Benjamin Franklin， John Morton， George Clymer， James Smith， George Taylor， James Wilson， George Ross
Delaware: Caesar Rodney， George Read， Thomas McKean
Maryland: Samuel Chase， William Paca， Thomas Stone， Charles Carroll of Carrollton
Virginia: George Wythe， Richard Henry Lee， Thomas Jefferson， Benjamin Harrison， Thomas Nelson， Jr.， Francis Lightfoot Lee， Carter Braxton
North Carolina: William Hooper， Joseph Hewes， John Penn
South Carolina: Edward Rutledge， Thomas Heyward， Jr.， Thomas Lynch， Jr.， Arthur Middleton
Georgia: Button Gwinnett， Lyman Hall， George Walton.
原文翻譯
1776年7月4日北美原十三個(gè)英屬殖民地一致通過的《獨(dú)立宣言》原文：
在有關(guān)人類事務(wù)的發(fā)展過程中，當(dāng)一個(gè)民族必須解除其和另一個(gè)民族之間的政治聯(lián)系，并在世界各國(guó)之間依照自然法則和上帝的意旨，接受獨(dú)立和平等的地位時(shí)，出于人類輿論的尊重，必須把他們不得不獨(dú)立的原因予以宣布。
以上就是獨(dú)立宣言英語怎么說的全部?jī)?nèi)容，美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中頒布的兩個(gè)重要文獻(xiàn)是《獨(dú)立宣言》、《巴黎和約》；美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，（英語：American Revolutionary War，1775年—1783年），或稱美國(guó)革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，是大英帝國(guó)和其北美十三州殖民地的革命者，以及幾個(gè)歐洲強(qiáng)國(guó)之間的一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。經(jīng)過北美人民的艱苦抗?fàn)帲K于在1783年9月3日英美簽訂《巴黎和約》。
